The article deals with the historical stages of development of the polytechnic school education in the period of formation and development of the USSR as well as with the influence of education system on economic development of the country. The author has drawn the conclusion based on historical facts, experience of development of technological education in other countries, in the USA and China, about the reasons influencing the development of technological education and has offered solutions to the problems of training of professional personnel in the technical field. Keywords: education system, education, polytechnic education, technological education.